海底底质声学原位测量电路控制系统研究     

吕斌  祁国梁  李官保  王景强  刘杰 《海洋科学》2018,42(5):32-39

介绍了一种液压驱动贯入式海底沉积声学原位测量系统的电路控制单元的研究实现过程,以及该控制单元在南海北部海底沉积声学调查中的应用。该电路控制单元以Cortex-A8处理器为核心,集成大容量FLASH存储器,与单片机接口控制板进行串口通讯,实现对声学发射采集单元和机械液压贯入单元的可视化控制和监测。基于该电路控制单元,海底底质声学原位测量系统兼具自容式和在线式两种工作模式,可自容记录或实时采集声学原位测量单元在海底的工作状态数据、海底沉积物声速和声衰减系数等声学特性数据。该声学原位测量系统的实验室联调及南海海试结果表明,使用该电路控制单元对海底底质声学测量过程的监测与控制是有效的,对精确获取海底底质的原位声学特性有重要作用,可以促进海底底质声学原位测量系统的产品化。  相似文献   

下扬子及周边地区深部泊松比结构及深部动力过程约束研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张昌榕  张贵宾  江国明  吕庆田  徐峣 《地球物理学报》2018,61(11):4418-4435

下扬子及周边地区存在着丰富的地质构造和多金属矿产资源，其深部结构和动力学过程已成为地学界研究的热点.为了更好地讨论下扬子及周边地区的深部动力学过程和岩浆活动机制，本文基于均匀网格层析成像方法提出了非均匀网格远震层析成像方法，利用大量的天然地震相对走时残差数据反演获得了下扬子及周边地区深至700 km范围内的三维S波和P波速度结构，并根据纵横波的比值关系计算出泊松比异常.由于S波速度比P波对流体的反应更加敏感，所以泊松比异常反映了物质是否包含流体或者物质的软硬、冷热程度.本研究结果显示：（1）长江中下游成矿带下方的上地幔内存在明显的高泊松比异常，而地幔过渡带内则存在明显的低泊松比异常；（2）大别造山带及其南侧的中扬子地块的上地幔中下部及地幔过渡带内都存在明显低泊松比异常，且呈现东深西浅的空间分布特征.结合已有的地质、地球物理和地球化学等资料，我们认为长江中下游成矿带下方的地幔过渡带内滞留着古太平洋俯冲板块，其上地幔内则赋存着软的上地幔热物质，为深部成矿提供了热量或幔源物质.因此，古太平洋板块的俯冲对长江中下游成矿带的形成发挥了至关重要的作用.  相似文献   

The bivalve Lembulus bicuspidatus may enhance denitrification in shelf sediment at the Angola–Benguela Frontal Zone     

A Neumann  A Flohr 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(1):91-96

We collected living individuals of the bivalve Lembulus bicuspidatus, which shows an unusual preference for the oxygen-deficient habitat found at the Angola–Benguela Frontal Zone of the southeastern Atlantic. With a series of incubation experiments with ¹⁵N-labelled nitrate as a tracer in combination with membrane-inlet mass spectrometry, we studied the potential contribution of L. bicuspidatus to nitrate reduction in the upper sediment layer. Our preliminary results suggest that L. bicuspidatus enhances nitrate reduction if the oxygen concentration is sufficiently low. The Lembulus-mediated nitrate reduction rate is then similar to the rate of microbial nitrate reduction in the surrounding sediment.  相似文献   

设备所在楼层对设备-结构相互作用的影响     

姜忻良  马小丹 《震灾防御技术》2018,13(2):320-330

为了研究设备所在楼层位置对设备-结构相互作用的影响，以某高层钢框架为例，将设备分别放置于结构顶层和底层设计了2种设备-结构体系模型，然后利用ANSYS有限元分析软件对整体模型进行地震响应时程分析。分析结果表明:在El Centro波、Taft波和人工波作用下，当设备频率与结构基频调谐时，设备-结构相互作用会令结构动力响应减小而设备动力响应显著增大；设备-结构相互作用的大小与设备所在楼层密切相关:顶层设备与结构间的相互作用比底层更加剧烈，这与位于不同楼层的设备间等效质量以及底端输入激励频谱的差异有关。  相似文献   

Application of Ultra-shallow Seismic Survey to the Wanggezhuang Fault in Qingdao     

Yang Qiyan  You Huichuan  Di Long 《中国地震研究》2018,32(4):574-583

At present, there is less theoretical research and practical experience in the aspect of ultra-shallow seismic exploration to the target layers at depths of only tens of meters both at home and abroad. Seismic exploration plays an important role in the location of faults and active structures, but the depth dozens of meters below the ground surface is the blind area of any kind of deep and shallow seismic exploration. Starting from the point of view of detecting urban active faults, and using related theories and methods of geology, geophysics and mathematics, the paper discusses the preconditions for acquiring efficient ultra-shallow seismic survey results in complicated geological backgrounds in Qingdao. Taking the Qingdao area as an example in this paper, we study the depth condition of Quaternary deposits, and apply 4-8 stacking folds to satisfy the requirement to get the exploration results with high-resolution and high-SNR. Preliminary results reveal that selecting a proper surveillance layout is one of the keys to acquire authentic exploration results in ultra-shallow P-wave reflection exploration. Our results also show that ultra-shallow seismic reflection method in detecting faults in the Qingdao area has good application prospects.  相似文献   

Mediating stream baseflow response to climate change: The role of basin storage          下载免费PDF全文

James M. Buttle 《水文研究》2018,32(3):363-378

Inter‐basin differences in streamflow response to changes in regional hydroclimatology may reflect variations in storage characteristics that control the retention and release of water inputs. These aspects of storage could mediate a basin's sensitivity to climate change. The hypothesis that temporal trends in stream baseflow exhibit a more muted reaction to changes in precipitation and evapotranspiration for basins with greater storage was tested on the Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) in Southern Ontario, Canada. Long‐term (>25 years) baseflow trends for 16 basins were compared to corresponding trends in precipitation amount and type and in potential evapotranspiration as well as shorter trends in groundwater levels for monitoring wells on the ORM. Inter‐basin differences in storage properties were characterized using physiographic, hydrogeologic, land use/land cover, and streamflow metrics. The latter included the slope of the basin's flow duration curve and basin dynamic storage. Most basins showed temporal increases in baseflow, consistent with limited evidence of increases and decreases in regional precipitation and snowfall: precipitation ratio, respectively, and recent increases in groundwater recharge along the crest of the ORM. Baseflow trend magnitude was uncorrelated to basin physiographic, hydrogeologic, land use/land cover, or flow duration curve characteristics. However, it was positively related to a basin's dynamic storage, particularly for basins with limited coverage of open water and wetlands. The dynamic storage approach assumes that a basin behaves as a first‐order dynamical system, and extensive open water and wetland areas in a basin may invalidate this assumption. Previous work suggested that smaller dynamic storage was linked to greater damping of temporal variations in water inputs and reduced interannual variability in streamflow regime. Storage and release of water inputs to a basin may assist in mediating baseflow response to temporal changes in regional hydroclimatology and may partly account for inter‐basin differences in that response. Such storage characteristics should be considered when forecasting the impacts of climate change on regional streamflow.  相似文献   

北京城市绿化的时空动态分析     

胡云锋  赵冠华  张云芝 《地球信息科学学报》2018,20(3):332-339

城市绿化覆盖是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,合理的绿化率和绿化布局可以改善城市环境,提高城市人居适宜性。研究中将2005、2010、2015年北京市土地利用（LUC）数据中的城市居民用地作为城区范围,应用Landsat 5、GF-1影像数据和MODIS产品,利用支持向量机的监督分类方法,提取了2005、2010、2015年的北京市城市绿化覆盖数据,并获取了同期的植被指数（NDVI）数据;继而以城市绿化覆盖率、绿化覆盖均匀度和植被指数为评价指标,在公里栅格和行政区2个尺度上探讨了北京市城市绿化覆盖的空间分布格局和时间变化动态特征。研究表明：① 3个指标在空间和时间2个维度、区县和栅格2个尺度上都表现一致。这反映北京市过去10年中,在绿化面积增加的同时,绿化的空间布局得到优化改善,绿化的质量得到提高。② 2005-2015年,北京市城市绿化覆盖面积由518.93 km² 增加到1405.54 km²,绿化覆盖率由39.9%增加到49.13%,绿化覆盖均匀度由0.598增加到0.653,植被指数由0.42增加至0.5。③ 北京市城市绿化建设存在明显的时空差异。中心城区绿化建设缓慢,成效不明显;重大绿化建设成果主要集中在城市边缘地区和远郊区县。城市绿化改善过程主要发生在2005-2010年。  相似文献   

省级地震台网运维管理模式     

王鑫  张建中  查斯  王树波 《地震地磁观测与研究》2018,39(3):175-180

基于地震台站专业设备和通用设备的运行维护工作特点，根据内蒙古自治区地震局各类省级地震监测台网目前所辖子台数量以及即将建设的烈度速报与预警工程监测站点数量，结合内蒙古自治区独有的区位特点，通过对地震系统兄弟单位运维体系及系统外已有行业案例调研考察，积极探索分布式运维模式的可行性。考虑支持分布式运维管理体制的支撑保障体系，在总结集中运维模式弊病的前提下，提出满足内蒙古自治区地震台站运维需求的省级地震监测中心、区域中心台、地震台三级运维模式，期望在运行中不断发现问题并完善。  相似文献   

厦门市震情灾情分析和输出系统     

潘震宇  卓群  方伟华 《地震地磁观测与研究》2018,39(4):200-207

厦门市地震局利用Arcgis平台开发震情灾情分析和输出系统，该系统具有用户管理、震情灾情信息汇总、震情灾情信息查询与分析、震情灾情信息输出4大功能。通过该系统，地震应急和指挥部门能充分利用震情灾情信息进行相关科学研究，并为政府提供科学的救灾决策依据。  相似文献   

不同轴压比钢筋混凝土圆柱桥墩地震易损性分析          下载免费PDF全文

赵建锋  孙伟帅  李刚 《世界地震工程》2018,34(4):031-37

以墩顶漂移率为指标运用ABAQUS有限元软件对钢筋混凝土桥墩进行地震易损性分析。对钢筋混凝土桥墩模型进行精细网格划分，运用循环往复Pushover方法模拟钢筋混凝土桥墩破坏界限值，以此界限值为标准对轴压比为0.20、0.22、0.24、0.26和0.30钢筋混凝土桥墩进行增量动力分析（IDA）。研究结果表明:结构的破坏超越概率，随着轴压比的增大而增大；考虑钢筋混凝土桥墩延性抗震性能，设计轴压比不宜超过0.30；轴压比为0.24~0.26时，钢筋混凝土桥墩破坏概率增加不大，宜为合理的轴压比。  相似文献